Patient Assistance & Copay Programs for Diphenhydramine Patient assistance programs (PAPs) are usually sponsored by pharmaceutical companies and provide free or discounted medicines and copay programs to low income or uninsured and under-insured people who meet specific guidelines. Eligibility requirements vary for each program.
Full Answer
How much diphenhydramine is in a parenteral injection?
Diphenhydramine Injection Description. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride USP in the parenteral form is a sterile, pyrogen-free solution available in a concentration of 50 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride USP per mL. The solutions for parenteral use have been adjusted to a pH between 4 and 6.5 with either sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.
What should I know about diphenhydramine hydrochloride before taking it?
Patients taking diphenhydramine hydrochloride should be advised that this drug may cause drowsiness and has an additive effect with alcohol. Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness such as driving a car or operating appliances, machinery, etc.
What are the uses of diphenhydramine injection?
Diphenhydramine Injection 1 Antihistaminic. 2 Motion sickness. 3 Antiparkinsonism. 4 Use in Neonates or Premature Infants. 5 Use in Nursing Mothers. 6 ... (more items)
Which medications are used in the treatment of diphenhydramine toxicity?
Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam) for seizures or convulsions, physostigmine for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, sodium bicarbonate for ventricular arrhythmia, and VA-ECMO for hemodynamic support can be used for management of the clinical manifestations of diphenhydramine toxicity.
What advice must be given to patients while using diphenhydramine?
Drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, stomach upset, blurred vision, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. To relieve dry mouth, suck (sugarless) hard candy or ice chips, chew (sugarless) gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute.
How do you administer diphenhydramine IV?
How to use Diphenhydramine Hcl Syringe. This medication is injected into a vein (IV) no faster than 25 milligrams per minute, or deeply into a muscle as directed by your doctor. Be very careful to inject into a vein or muscle and not into the skin or just under the skin.
What happens if you give diphenhydramine IV?
Local necrosis has been associated with the use of subcutaneous or intradermal use of intravenous Benadryl. In pediatric patients, especially, antihistamines in overdosage may cause hallucinations, convulsions, or death. As in adults, antihistamines may diminish mental alertness in pediatric patients.
What special advice should be given while Diphenydramine dispensing?
When taking diphenhydramine, use caution driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Diphenhydramine may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously.
What should you assess before giving diphenhydramine?
Assess the skin color, texture, and lesions to monitor for anticholinergic effects or allergy. Evaluate orientation, affect, and reflexes to monitor for changes due to CNS effects. Assess respirations and adventitious sounds to monitor drug effects.
What happens if you push Benadryl too fast IV?
Benadryl may diminish mental alertness, or, in the young pediatric patient, cause excitation. Overdosage may cause hallucinations, convulsions, or death (see WARNINGS and OVERDOSAGE).
What does fatal level of diphenhydramine mean?
With ingestions greater than 1 gram, diphenhydramine may result in delirium, psychosis, seizures, coma, and death. 5. There is an even greater risk of seizures, coma, and death when ingestions are greater than 1.5 grams of diphenhydramine. 6. Fatal deaths have also been reported with oral doses greater than 20 mg/kg.
What is the purpose of administering diphenhydramine before a blood transfusion?
Premedication with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is the most commonly used approach to reduce the incidence of FNHTR and allergic reactions to blood products; it is used in 50% to 80% of transfusions in the US and Canada.
Do you dilute Benadryl IV push?
The Benadryl Medication Reference states “Benadryl given IV should be diluted with 9 ml of Normal Saline prior to administration” yet the ALS protocol makes no mention of diluting the medication like it does for Gravol.
What to teach with patients taking antihistamines?
Patient Teaching & Education Patients should be advised that antihistamines may cause drowsiness, and concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants should be avoided. Patients should take only the recommended amount of medication and not to exceed dosing recommendations.
What are precautions that patients need to know when taking OTC drugs?
Follow these over-the-counter medicine precautions.Carefully read and follow all directions on the medicine bottle and box. ... Take the minimum effective dose. ... Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. ... Do not take a medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to it in the past.More items...
What are three safety tips for proper medication handling and maintenance to the patient?
Read on for important safety tips.Take Medicine as Prescribed — with Input from Your Health Care Provider. ... Store your Medicines Properly and Check the Expiration Date. ... Be Aware of Potential Medication Interactions and Side Effects. ... Keep a Medication List.
Do you dilute IV diphenhydramine?
The Benadryl Medication Reference states “Benadryl given IV should be diluted with 9 ml of Normal Saline prior to administration” yet the ALS protocol makes no mention of diluting the medication like it does for Gravol.
How do you administer IV?
How it worksInject a needle into the person's vein.Push a small plastic catheter over the needle and into the vein.Remove the needle, leaving the catheter in place.Place an access cap over the catheter, which allows them to administer medications without having to re-inject a needle.
How do you administer dimenhydrinate?
How should this medicine be used? Dimenhydrinate comes as a tablet and chewable tablet to take by mouth with or without food. To prevent motion sickness, the first dose should be taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before you travel or begin motion activity.
Can antihistamine be given through IV?
Intravenously administered (IV) antihistamines are a treatment option for acute urticaria and angioedema, and an adjunct therapy for anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions in ambulatory care settings.
Diphenhydramine Injection Description
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine drug having the chemical name 2-(Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride. It occurs...
Diphenhydramine Injection - Clinical Pharmacology
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. Antihistamines appear to compete with hi...
Indications and Usage For Diphenhydramine Injection
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the injectable form is effective in adults and pediatric patients, other than premature infants and neonates, for...
How Is Diphenhydramine Injection Supplied
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is available as:Carpuject Single-use cartridges with Luer Lock are packaged in a Slim-Pak tamper detec...
Important Note
The following information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that use of the drug is safe, appropriate, or effective for you. Consult your healthcare professional before using this drug.
Uses
This medication provides relief of symptoms of allergic reactions such as rash, hives, watery eyes, runny nose, itchy eyes and sneezing. Also used to treat motion sickness, anxiety, tension, sleeplessness or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs.
How To Use
May be taken with food or milk if stomach upset occurs. Follow doctor's instructions. Do not take more than recommended.
Side Effects
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, stomach upset, vision changes, irritability, dry mouth and nose. These effects should subside as your body adjusts to the medication. If these effects persist or worsen, inform your doctor.
Precautions
Do not take for several days before allergy testing as test results can be affected. Tell your doctor your medical history, especially of: asthma, glaucoma, ulcers, difficulty urinating (due to an enlarged prostate gland), heart disease, high blood pressure, seizures, an overactive thyroid gland.
Drug Interactions
Tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: sleeping pills, sedatives, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, medication for depression, anti-seizure drugs, narcotic pain medication (e.g., codeine), other medications for colds/hay fever/allergies.
Overdose
If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, flushing, fever, weakness, tremor, muscle twitching, loss of consciousness, and seizures.
How does diphenhydramine work?
Diphenhydramine mainly works through antagonizing the H1 (histamine 1) receptor, although it has other mechanisms of action as well. [1]
How much sodium chloride to diphenhydramine?
Dilute the contents of the syringe with four mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to yield a final volume of 5 mL. This is now diphenhydramine 1% (10 mg/mL). [3][4]
How long does diphenhydramine last in the liver?
The liver metabolizes diphenhydramine via CYP450. It is excreted in the urine, unchanged, and has a half-life of 3.4 to 9.2hours. The drug's time to peak, serum is 2 hours.
How many times a day can you apply for a syringe?
Apply as needed; max 4 times/day
How much meds should a 12 year old take?
Pediatric - 12 yo and older: 25 to 50 mg by mouth at bedtime as needed; start 30min before bedtime
How old do you have to be to take a syringe?
12 years and older: use adult dosing
Does diphenhydramine cause coughing?
Given that diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine, it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and inversely agonizes the H1 CNS receptors, resulting in drowsiness and suppressing the medullary cough center. [2]
What is diphenhydramine hydrochloride?
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride USP is an antihistamine drug having the chemical name 2- (Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride. It occurs as a white, crystalline powder, is freely soluble in water and alcohol and has a molecular weight of 291.82. The molecular formula is C 17 H 21 NO • HCI. The structural formula is as follows:
Where is diphenhydramine hydrochloride metabolized?
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the injectable form has a rapid onset of action. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is widely distributed throughout the body, including the CNS. A portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine, while the rest is metabolized via the liver. Detailed information on the pharmacokinetics of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection is not available.
What is an antihistaminic?
Antihistaminic. For amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma, in anaphylaxis as an adjunct to epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute symptoms have been controlled, and for other uncomplicated allergic conditions of the immediate type when oral therapy is impossible or contraindicated.
Does diphenhydramine hydrochloride interact with alcohol?
Drug Interactions. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride has additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc). MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic (drying) effects of antihistamines.
Does diphenhydramine cause drowsiness?
Patients taking diphenhydramine hydrochloride should be advised that this drug may cause drowsiness and has an additive effect with alcohol. Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness such as driving a car or operating appliances, machinery, etc.
Is diphenhydramine hydrochloride safe for infants?
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the injectable form is effective in adults and pediatric patients, other than premature infants and neonates, for the following conditions when diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the oral form is impractical.
Can diphenhydramine hydrochloride be used during pregnancy?
Pregnancy Category B. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 5 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to diphenhydramine hydrochloride. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
DESCRIPTION
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine drug having the chemical name 2- (Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride. It occurs as a white, crystalline powder, is freely soluble in water and alcohol and has a molecular weight of 291.82. The molecular formula is C 17 H 21 NO • HCl and the structural formula is as follows:
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. Antihistamines appear to compete with histamine for cell receptor sites on effector cells.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the injectable form is effective in adults and pediatric patients, other than premature infants and neonates, for the following conditions when diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the oral form is impractical.
WARNINGS
Antihistamines should be used with considerable caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, or bladder-neck obstruction.
PRECAUTIONS
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride has an atropine-like action and, therefore, should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchial asthma, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Use with caution in patients with lower respiratory disease including asthma.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Urticaria; drug rash; anaphylactic shock; photosensitivity; excessive perspiration; chills; dryness of mouth, nose, and throat.
OVERDOSAGE
Antihistamine overdosage reactions may vary from central nervous system depression to stimulation. Stimulation is particularly likely in pediatric patients. Atropine-like signs and symptoms; dry mouth; fixed, dilated pupils; flushing; and gastrointestinal symptoms may also occur.
What is the best treatment for diphenhydramine toxicity?
The mainstay of therapy of diphenhydramine toxicity is supportive management that addresses the symptomatology of intoxication/overdose. Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam) for seizures or convulsions, physostigmine for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, sodium bicarbonate for ventricular arrhythmia, and VA-ECMO for hemodynamic support can be used for management of the clinical manifestations of diphenhydramine toxicity. There is growing support for the utilization of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy; however, its efficacy in this setting remains controversial. Diphenhydramine is minimally dialyzable, and thus, there is little support for hemodialysis in the management of diphenhydramine toxicity. [6][23][24][25][26][15][27][28]
What is diphenhydramine used for?
It is most commonly used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, allergic rhinitis, mild to severe allergic reactions (e.g ., anaphylaxis), and as a mild sleep aid. While used for a wide array of medical indications, ...
What receptors does diphenhydramine bind to?
Diphenhydramine competes against histamine to bind to H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the respiratory tract, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, and the CNS. Within the CNS, diphenhydramine can occupy, even at therapeutic doses, H1-receptors in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, and pons. This can lead to significant sedation and can produce moderate to severe neurological and respiratory signs/symptoms characterized by intoxication and overdose. [1][6]Due to its effects on muscarinic receptors, diphenhydramine can produce anticholinergic effects, such as blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, impotence, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea and constipation. [6]
How long does it take to get discharged from a diphenhydramine toxicity test?
Therefore, patients may be considered for discharge if they remain asymptomatic beyond four hours of diphenhydramine oral exposure or eight hours if dermal exposure. However, a patient may be admitted if they display moderate to severe signs of anticholinergic toxicity. Complications. Respiratory failure.
How long does diphenhydramine last?
For adult patients, the elimination half-life is approximately 9 hours (range: 7 to 12 hours) and approximately 13.5 hours (range: 9 to 18 hours) for elderly patients (range: 9 to 18 hours).[9] . Diphenhydramine is lipophilic and has a relatively large volume of distribution (Vd). Vd can also vary between age groups.
How old is the most likely age to die from diphenhydramine?
In the same study, diphenhydramine ranked among the top 15 drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths in the U.S.[4] Most diphenhydramine intoxication/overdose cases occur in children ages 6 years or younger. [5] Pathophysiology.
What is the best medication for acetylcholinesterase inhibition?
Benzodiazepines ( e.g., lorazepam) for seizures or convulsions, physostigmine for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, sodium bicarbonate for ventricular arrhythmia, and VA-ECMO for hemodynamic support can be used for management of the clinical manifestations of diphenhydramine toxicity.
